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Muhammad Usman Khan

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Is Personal Freedom Absolute?

Is Personal Freedom Absolute? This short life, beginning with birth and culminating in death can be divided into periods. We are all bound by the human life cycle. Those who regard themselves as different and unique are also governed by the phases of the same life cycle. From the temporal to the spiritual, everyone and everything falls within this spectrum. For instance, the pleasures of the flesh and the delights of the mind may seem totally apart but in essence are similar. Even positive and negative responses may seem different but in the final analysis both are the same. The most widespread division of the stages of life is the Hindu Asharma system, which divides life into four phases. The first twenty-five years is called the Brahmacharya Ashram, the stage of youth. The second twenty-five years, is called the Grihastha Ashram or householder phase during which one focuses on family and work. The third section is the Vanaprastha...

Humanity Let Down by the Gatekeepers of the Knowledge

Humanity Let Down by the Gatekeepers of the Knowledge The nature of human intelligence is a subject which has fascinated me for many years. Early in my life I began to explore questions of epistemology. What is knowledge? What is the nature of the intellect? How can I acquire true knowledge? Who should I regard as intelligent? Who can I take as an authority? My search has led me to explore the history of human thought from Socrates (Ancient Greek philosopher) to Bertrand Russell (twentieth century British philosopher), to the complex and intricate ideas of the post modern era. I have been left with a sense that all these thinkers have relied on artifice and fabrication, promoting partial and subjective viewpoints, which did not grapple with the core issues of human existence. They succeeded in diverting people away from the fundamental priorities of humanity. Not having attained the full potential of the human mind, these ‘thinkers’ collectively exploited the suggestiv...

Mysticism and Shariah

Mysticism and Shariah An allusion to Tassawuf (Islamic mysticism) in the Indian Subcontinent is necessary as the masses in this land came to know God through the Sufis. Their personalities and conduct led humanity towards the recognition of God. However, the existence of mystical thought in human history was also reflected by teachers like Zeno of Elea (d. 430 BC), Diogenes (d.323 BC), Plotinus (d.270 CE), Dionysius Exigus (d.544 CE), St Augustine (d.430) and St Aquinas (d. 1274), followed by a long list of Muslim Sufis. Through self-purification and by establishing the most important priority of the human intellect they were able to achieve sincerity, love and awareness of God. They left clear signposts for those who came after them thus ensuring that the thought of returning to God continued to exist among the masses. Islam has produced a large number of Sufis in succession. This is because the religion of Islam has a clear concept of God and its path of guidance is b...